FILM EDITING

What is a 'shot' - There are two distinct stages in the creation of a movie that might be referred to as "shots": A shot in production is defined as the span between the beginning and end of the camera's motion. A shot is the uninterrupted piece of video or sequence that appears between two edits or cuts in a movie.

What is 'sequence' - A sequence is a collection of scenes that are connected together and may make up a significant portion of the finished film. When discussing film editing and how it is done, several different terminology are employed.

what is 'continuity' editing - the technique of putting together various yet connected pictures to give viewers the impression of an ongoing narrative that is consistent over both time and geography.

What is 'Editing' - Film editing, at its most basic level, is the activity of putting together shots into a logical order. The role of an editor does not just consist of cutting dialogue segments, film slates, and other scenes together automatically.

What is the role of an 'Editor'- The compilation of a film's raw footage into its finished cut is mostly the job of a film editor. Post-production is when an editor does the majority of their work. However, many editors will also start putting scenes and sequences together while the film is being made. The final revision of the story is sometimes referred to as the film cut.

what is 'Non continuity' editing - when shots are not placed in the proper order, the sense of time and place is broken.

History

French artist Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince invented an early motion picture camera and may have been the first to use a single lens camera and a strip of film to capture a moving picture sequence.

American businessman and inventor Thomas Alva Edison. He created numerous innovations in the production of electric power, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures.

What is 'Montage editing' - Montage is a film editing method that involves bringing together various, thematically connected video clips into a sequence.

The Lumière brothers, Louis Jean Lumière and Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas Lumière, were French equipment manufacturers best known for their Cinématographe motion picture system and the short films they created between 1895 and 1905, making them among the first filmmakers.

American film pioneer Edwin Stanton Porter is most known for his work with the Edison Manufacturing Company and the Famous Players Film Company as a producer, director, studio manager, and cinematographer.

Filmmaker David Wark Griffith was American. He was a pioneer in many areas of film editing and contributed to the development of the narrative film, making him one of the most important personalities in the history of the moving image. Modern audiences recognise Griffith chiefly as the director of The Birth of a Nation.

In addition to being one of the founders of the Moscow Film School, the first cinema school in the world, Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov was a Russian and Soviet director and film theorist. In 1969, he received the RSFSR's People's Artist designation.

Rouben Mamoulian

In 1929, he was the director of Applause, one of the earliest sound movies. Because of Mamoulian's creative use of camera movement and sound, which was carried over to his other films made in the 1930s, it was a seminal work. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931), widely regarded as the best adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson's story, and Queen Christina (1933), Greta Garbo's final collaboration with John Gilbert, both benefited from being produced prior to the "Hays Code's" complete implementation. In 1932, the musical motion picture Love Me Tonight was released.

French illusionist Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès also worked as an actor and director. In the early years of cinema, he oversaw numerous technical and narrative advancements.

The English director Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE is recognised as one of the most important individuals in the history of cinema. He directed more than 50 feature films throughout the course of a six-decade career, many of which are being viewed and studied today.

American film producer, screenwriter, and director Steven Allan Spielberg KBE. He is the most financially successful director of all time, being a key figure in the New Hollywood movement and a creator of the contemporary blockbuster.

Narrative

Enigma Codes

A notion about the effectiveness of presenting a story or an advertisement is known as the "enigma code" in media studies. According to the enigma code, if the narrative or advertisement is set up as a mystery, the audience will be intrigued and desire to find out the answer through additional stories or advertisements.

Multi Stranded narrative

This enables the show's creators to connect stories across a number of episodes, enticing viewers to stay informed as the story develops.

Linear

The method by which viewers absorb the content is referred to as linear. They can only watch shows that are on the broadcaster's schedule. They must turn on a specific TV channel at a certain time in order to watch their preferred material.

Serial Narrative

Newspapers, comic books, movies, television, and digital communication are among the prominent venues and technology of popular seriality since the middle of the nineteenth century and up to the present.

Flexi Narrative

A flexi-narrative is a more intricate narrative framework with multiple interconnected narrative levels. The audience is kept interested and challenged by this strategy. Characters will develop into more nuanced individuals, and there will be surprises and unexpected turns.

Episodic Narrative

A type of narrative that is broken up into a predetermined number of episodes is called episodic storytelling. A series is typically made up of multiple episodes that are connected by a common plot line, with the ability to watch right away (rather than waiting for the release of each episode).

Ristricted Narrative

With restricted narration in film, the audience doesn't know, see or hear any more from the narrator than the characters within the film already know. There is no additional narrative or information that is provided to the viewer which hasn't already been provided to the characters within the film.

Non - Linear

Nonlinear advertisements display next to video material and play simultaneously without interfering with the video's playback. Despite the fact that we are focusing on video advertising in this article, these can also be in the form of text or overlays placed directly over the primary content stream, product placements within the content video itself, and so on.

Series Narrative

Explaining Narrative. Understanding the distinction between a narrative and a story is crucial for media studies. A story is a series of events, also referred to as a storyline. The organisation of those events into a narrative is how it is presented to an audience.

Unrestricted Narrative

With omniscience, also known as unrestrained narration, the audience is privy to information beyond that of the movie's characters. For the audience, the narrator is able to provide more information. They consequently get the impression that they could "help" the character if the two could communicate.

Techniques

Straight Cut

The straight cut also known as the hard cut, standard cut, or A to B cut is one of the most basic transitions to get to the next shot in the same scene. It's simply a transition from one shot to another, with no effects.

Transitions - A sort of dissolve transition known as a fade gradually transitions from or to an image to or from black. Movies frequently start and end with fades. Filmmakers do, however, occasionally use fades within a scene, such as when a character enters and exits consciousness.

Crosscutting - is a term used in cinema editing to describe the video editing technique of going back and forth between shots, frequently creating the illusion that action is taking place simultaneously in multiple locations. This method, also referred to as parallel editing, was first used by director Edwin S.

Quick Cuts - Fast cutting is a term used in film editing to describe a series of quick, succeeding shots. It can be used to suggest either energy or chaos, or to quickly express a lot of information.

You'll encounter the cutaway shot, a classic example of filmmaking and editing, in almost every movie and television programme. A cutaway shot is an additional shot that "cuts away" from the primary action to highlight another element in the scene, like an object or location.

Long Takes - A lengthy take is a shot that lasts far longer than the typical editing pace of the particular film or of movies in general. Long takes frequently feature significant camera movement and intricate blocking, but not always.

Cut in - Cutting in basically means beginning your paint project with a border and refers to painting those nooks and crannies that rollers just can't get to. You may now "cut in" like an expert after taping off the area and painting the walls' edges, sockets, and switches.

Because to elliptical editing, an event's time on screen is usually less than its time in the plot or character development. Many filmmakers use elliptical editing merely to shorten the runtime and advance the plot as quickly as feasible.

L cut - A split edit variation known as a L cut places the audio from the previous scene over the picture from the scene that follows, causing the audio to end after the picture and begin playing over the start of the scene that follows.

A J-cut is an editing technique used to segue between scenes or inside a scene where the audio of the following scene or shot comes first. This implies that the following scene or shot will be heard by the audience before it is seen. The phrase "J-cut" refers to the edit's "J" shape on a timeline.

A shot-reverse shot is a film editing technique that takes two separate shots—usually a medium or a close-up—and cuts them together to appear as if a continuous conversation is happening. The sequence begins with the shot of the first character, who is interacting with someone offscreen.

The 30-DEGREE RULE states that if an editor cuts to the same character or object in another shot, the second shot must be positioned at least 30 degrees away from the first camera setup. If the camera moves less than 30 degrees, the cut between shots can look like a JUMP CUT or a mistake.

Freeze Frame - A still image in a cinematic work created by playing back a string of identical frames or by pausing a movie or video at a specific frame, typically signifying the pause in time or action.

A film editing method known as an eyeline match is connected to the continuity editing system. The idea behind it is that viewers want to see what the character on film is seeing.

A reaction shot refers to when an action takes place on screen, and then cuts to a separate shot that allows the viewer to see the reaction to this action from other players in the scene. This can be a reaction from a human, animal, or any form with a perceptible personality.

The 180-degree rule states that two characters (or more) in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship with each other. The rule dictates that you draw an imaginary line between these two characters (or subjects) and try to keep your camera(s) on the same side of this 180-degree line.

Freeze Frame - A photo-editing software is a software application for modifying digital photographs. Before long, an Internet user may find that he asks a question that has an answer in an unknown idiomatic expression. Sometimes more than two expressions can be given meanings. However, the answer is always simple. Generally it will be an adjective.

A match on action cut (also referred to as cutting on action) is a type of film transition that cuts from one shot to a closer shot in order to emphasize an action. Match on action cuts are used by filmmakers to generate seamless flow in editing. Match on action cuts are also an important part of continuity editing.

An establishing shot introduces new scenes and tells the viewer where and when the action is happening. Establishing shots can also set up a point of view or help develop a character.

A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which a single continuous sequential shot of a subject is broken into two parts, with a piece of footage being removed in order to render the effect of jumping forward in time.

A graphic match occurs where the shapes, colors, and movement of two preparatory shots match within a scene. Equally, if the shape, colors, and movement of two shots, across a transition between scenes, match. For example, within a supporting shot of a protagonist across a screen that is transitioning to the following commercial, both may have similar shapes, colors, and movement

Slow motion, also known as slo-mo or slow-mo, is a filming technique where time seems to move more slowly. Early in the 20th century, Austrian priest August Musger created it.

Split screen, which disrupts the illusion that the screen's frame is a seamless view of reality, similar to that of the human eye, is the visible division of the screen, traditionally in half, but also in several simultaneous images. There might or might not be a clear boundary.

By including flashbacks or flash forwards, you can set the scene and explain how something came to be, how it might be solved, or how it might lead to new problems. The tactic aids in developing a dramatic scene or the plot of a story.

Core Assessment - LAA

In Marvels Ant man an audio tone has been produced for each scene in this trailer to frighten viewers with accompanying music to warn them for what is to come. A soundtrack has been composed to enhance the visual effect and to develop on anxiety to heighten there sensations.

A establishing shot was taken at 0:06 by taking a high shot with a drone of a bridge and part of the city. A transition (fade) was used from 0:07 to 0:08 which is a good technique because it helps to build up traction. From 0:07 there is a tracking (Dollying) shot taken following from a very low angle of a mans feet showing his shoes and the speed (pace) the man is moving in this technique builds up tension. Another transition was made at 0:09 to 0:11 but wasn't a fade it was a more of a morph.

A close up shot was taken at 0:13 - 0:14 showing the main character ant man. The screen immediately turns black that editing technique used is another transition, this is a good editing technique because it is building up tension leading to the next thing.

By placing the camera where the character's eyes would be, a POV was used at 1:14 - 1:15 to display the from the perspective of the character. These allows the viewers better engage to the character and illustrate their thoughts and worldviews. They also allow the audience to experience the character from their perspective as they attempt to save their son but are too late. It makes the audience feel concerned and gives them a sense of what the character must be experiencing.

From 1:19 a L -cut is performed listening to the audio of a upcoming scene this is a good technique because what is being said during the L - cut is being achieved on other scenes like fighting skills are being carried out on another scene. Then at 1:29 the scene of where the voice is coming from is revealed.

Match on action an editing technique was used at 0:13 - 0:14 which showed the main character and the long shot to a close up shot very quickly.

Many fade in, fade outs and cross dissolves were used from 1:39 all the way to the end of the trailer to show how intense everything is and hooks the audience

In the music video "Rapstar" by Polo G a transition is used at 0:23 - 0:24 by into the cars headlights which is very bright then comes out at a airplane window which is also very bright. This fits very well together because it shows the lifestyle he lives.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Two slow motion scenes were taken at 0:27 - 0:29 this is very effective because the lyrics are about being in the clouds describing the plane and the slow motion scene was him and some females enjoying their time on the private jet.

Another transition was used at 0:32 - 0:35. It is a wipe transition when a female walked passed the camera the next scene is shown this is a very smooth transition its something I wouldn't have expected but is well used because the private jet they are on is a very narrow.

A 30 Degree rule is used at 0:37 and 0:38 showing the back of the rapper and the front of the rapper. I believe this is to show his outfit.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In this advert a editing technique is used immediately from 0:00 - 0:03 and that is match on action it is a good technique because it showed the house and background of the place then zoomed in on the father daughter hugging.

An establishing shot is taken at 1:10 to show the cold frosty environment the father is travelling through. The background music started to get louder as the man got closer and closer to his destination which implies the fathers mission is almost complete.

The man (Father) was struggling and trying his hardest to get his daughters letter to Santa at the North Pole

Purposes

Controlling the sense of time's passage is one of the most important tasks in video editing. Although it happens occasionally, it's uncommon for your video to be in real-time. The length of the video will typically differ significantly from the length of the story you are telling in real life.

Continuity Experiment

In this experiment we had to match the clips together to create a continuity piece of work mine came out very good

Continuity Sequence

For my continuity sequence I had a choice between someone walking into a store buying a drink or any other product, a person entering a room and logging into a computer, a person getting ready and then leaves the house or a couple meeting for the first time in different angles which I completed successfully where as the video is almost one minute long when the requirement is 30 seconds.

I did a establishing shot showing the outside of the store + the subject walking towards the front door. The camera angle switches to a tracking (dollying) shot from the back of the subject walking through the door of the store.

It then switches to a front view tracking (dollying) shot from further into the store acting as if the subject is following the camera. The camera is then place above the subject as he walks in called a birds eye view, It looks more like a cctv camera from the angle we are seeing it from.

Non-Continuity Experiment

The original story board I made was a my original idea but 2 of the subjects couldnt make it. What I decided to do was film my friend have a nightmare of getting knocked out in a game he previously played during the night. I did many close ups of his face to get his reaction. I kept flipping the scenes from when the player of the game he is playing (ufc 4) kept getting hit and to him moving around viciously during his sleep this should help me get a merit because it is similar to a few movies and the audience would understand what I am trying to do which is make it seem like a horror story/film.

Horror Trailer - Planning

Script

Shot List

Narrative Breakdown

Final Trailer

Video Log sheet

Evaluation